Title: Weeds AR Wild, Ep. 07: Soybean Weed Control Programs for 2021 with Tommy Butts and Jeremy Ross (4/14/21)


Tommy Butts: Welcome to the Weeds AR Wild podcast series as a part of Arkansas Row Crops Radio. My name is Tommy Butts, extension weed scientist for the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. Today I'm joined with Dr. Jeremy Ross, extension soybean agronomist for the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture.

Jeremy Ross: Thanks Tommy for letting me come & be on your podcast and talk a little bit about weed control.

Tommy: So today the two of us are going to discuss basically soybean weed control recommendations and programs for 2021 and we'll hit on a few other topics such as recommended varieties, dicamba regulations for the year and just some other useful tips along the way. 

The first thing that I really wanted to hit on was just a quick herbicide resistance reminder. Palmer Amaranth is our number one weed across the state of Arkansas in our soybean production systems and at this point in the state we have confirmed resistance to seven different sites of action within pigweed. That's huge and eliminates a lot of options in a lot of areas & it's very challenging, so across the state glyphosate resistance is extremely common along with ALS inhibitor resistance & Group 3's or the yellow herbicides. HPPD inhibitor resistance or the bleaching herbicides, is becoming much more common across the state, distributed across multiple counties, it's not just localized anymore so that's much more common. Same goes for PPO inhibitor resistance, it's very wide spread across our soybean growing region. Group 15 resistance, so things like acetochlor & S-metolachlor is becoming more troublesome. We have, I can't remember exactly how many counties at this point that we have confirmed resistance in, but it's definitely three or more, & that continues to grow each year. And as well now with our latest confirmation of Glufosinate resistant pigweed in the state that was found in northeast Arkansas. Glufosinate resistance is pretty limited geographically so far, which is good news, but we need to be aware that if we continue to put very heavy selection pressure on that and not rely on some of our residual chemistries and other things, that we've already confirmed that resistance in the state as well and that can be very troublesome for us. So just a few other, as far as herbicide resistance goes, make sure always visit our website for the latest up-to-date information at www.uaex.uada.edu/weeds, as well for more information especially nationwide, make sure to visit the take action website at www.Iwilltakeaction.com/weeds and there's a lot of good herbicide resistance information there for multiple weed species that covers the entire US for soybean production systems. So that's a good website to visit as well. 

So moving on from the herbicide resistance reminder, the first thing I wanted to recommend as far as our herbicide programs for the year has to start off with our pre-emergence herbicides and residuals. Residuals are absolutely critical if we are going to try and get specifically pigweed under control, but also our grasses or any other problematic weeds that we have out there. They do a wonder at eliminating those weeds before they even get out of the ground and it saves a lot of selection pressure on the backend for our POST herbicides, so we need to make sure that we get residuals out and we're timely with those residuals. As Dr. Tom Barber would always say, two is always better than one. So we really need to be mixing multiple effective modes of action in the tank for our residuals, we can't just rely on a single side of action anymore. Having multiple in there will give us, 1: it gives us better control and 2: it also helps with our herbicide resistance management. There are many good options PRE, basically you need to find what fits for you, what's economical for you and what you feel comfortable applying. But the major thing is that we always like to say right now is metribuzin has to be absolutely critical in our residual pre-emergence herbicides. We have not confirmed resistance to metribuzin yet within the state & it just is an excellent tank mix partner with multiple other residual products to give us pigweed control early in the season. So that becomes a really critical option. And along that lines, Jeremy wanted to mention a few things about the metribuzin screening that's conducted across all the varieties that's used in the state. Jeremy, you want to chat a little bit about that?

Jeremy: Sure, so years ago when we were doing variety testing in the late 90's, early 2000's, a lot of the varieties we were showing, almost ninety-nine percent of the varieties had resistance to metribuzin, so we actually abandoned that testing screening procedure back in the early 2000's, mid 2000's, but mid 2000's later in the 2000's, when Liberty Link varieties and some of the Roundup Ready 2 Yield varieties started coming on the line, we, farmers and us as a research agronomists started noticing, we were seeing some problems with metribuzin in some cases and so we brought that screening back and it's really been amazing with the new technologies & the new stack varieties on the differences in metribuzin intolerance, so we do have a screening process in every variety that's in the variety testing program every year is screened for metribuzin. We do a half of a pound Ai and so that's the full rate if you're looking at the label and so we decided we wanted to go ahead and be pretty proactive and make sure that we were testing the full rate when we were looking at these varieties. So again each variety is in OTV is screened. We have it broken down into three different categories as slight injury, moderate injury & severe injury. It is surprising that every year we have a handful anywhere from ten to twelve varieties that we consider in that severe category. So those varieties do show the, well pretty much metribuzin is going to kill them, no matter what the situation in the field. If you are looking at metribuzin as a pre-plant option, definitely look at that sheet in that document to make sure you're looking at varieties that are tolerant to metribuzin. 

Tommy: Perfect. Thank you Jeremy. Like we mentioned make sure to pick those varieties that are metribuzin tolerant if you can because that is our foundational herbicide in all our pre-residual programs should be metribuzin tank mixed with that second site of action of your choosing. So a few good options that we've tested the past few years in small plot research has included Fierce MTZ, that's a three-way mix of Valor, Zidua & metribuzin. You've got Trivence which is a great three-way mix & I like to add in Zidua into that to have the Group 15 in there. Boundary has also been one of our cleanest options continually every year in small plot research where we have metribuzin plus Dual Magnum. 

Jeremy: So Tommy, I just want to make sure that everybody knows, most of those products has a lower rate than the full rate of metribuzin, so we do recommend spiking that a little bit don't we? Make sure you have a full rate of metribuzin in those products.

Tommy: Give or take, it depends a little bit on your soil area and things like that, but yeah especially some of those products, that rate of metribuzin is a little bit different on each one of those so always kind of double check what those specific rates are in each one of those products and like Jeremy said if you're not up to that full rate, if you can spike in a little bit more metribuzin, that's always a good idea as well. 

Jeremy: I have another question. We've been looking at metribuzin and using metribuzin for the last several years. We've seen resistance issues with PPO's, now we're starting to see it with Liberty or glufosinate. What's the likelihood of us seeing some issues with metribuzin since we've been relying on this particular herbicide for several years & been recommending it for several years? 

Tommy: So that's a great question Jeremy and what I would say is, there's never a zero chance. There's always a likelihood that resistance is going to develop with any of our herbicides we use, especially those that we use a lot and recommend a lot. The thing that helps metribuzin out a lot as far as not evolving resistance quickly is that we never recommend it alone for pigweed. It's always mixed with something else. That's where we get our better control from. So again, two is always better than one. That helps delay the evolution of resistance on that. Also and this is, it's a little bit of the fact that we just don't necessarily see it right away, but when we're strictly looking at a residual product, pre-emergence, we tend not to see resistance evolve as quick, because basically instead of seeing survivors like when we apply a POST product, instead what you see is, well our residual activity doesn't make it three weeks anymore, it only makes it two weeks or one week. That kind of thing. So it's normally with residual pre-emergence products, we're a little behind the ball too honestly, just because it's not as noticeable as a POST resistance. But in general like I said I think metribuzin, we at least have a little bit more leeway because we never really rely on it by itself, so that helps delay that evolution of resistance quite a bit. So, good question.

So moving on, like I said, residuals, basically you can pick different residuals that fit your needs for your areas and maybe some of your other weed spectrums you have out there as well. Our big recommendation is to have metribuzin in there somewhere and always use more than just one effective mode of action, so that's a big thing from a residual standpoint.

Next we kind of wanted to move into some recommendations for specific technologies. The first one that we are going to start off with are the dicamba technologies, so Xtend and Xtendflex recommendations. Jeremy, you want to hit on some varieties before I get into our weed control recommendations?

Jeremy: Sure, I'm not going to probably talk about individual varieties, but the trend we've seen with the Xtend and the XtendFlex varieties in the OVT over the last several years. If you look at the data from 2020, a large majority of the varieties entered, about sixty percent of the varieties entered in the ovt in 2020 were Xtend varieties. If you're looking for XtendFlex variety information, because they were still regulated early in 2020 around the planting season, we didn't have any XtendFlex varieties in our variety testing this year. But I'm guessing we'll probably have a number of those varieties in to test for 2021. But the Xtend varieties have looked really good the last several years. They have been comparable to some of the other technologies but individual varieties have looked really good in all locations across the state. If you're still looking for varieties, hopefully most everybody has selected their varieties by this point, but if you are still looking for some varieties, you can look at our information to try to narrow it down some of those things you are looking for in varieties particular characteristics. A lot of companies are still kind of backing the Xtend varieties and I'm assuming that they'll stay a big portion of our varieties we're testing in the next several years. 

Tommy: Perfect. So the first thing I wanted to mention on the Xtend, XtendFlex front are the dicamba rules for Arkansas for this year. You may have heard that the Arkansas State Plant Board recently voted to basically re-go over the rule making process & potentially change the dicamba rules back to the federal label for the state, so it's currently in an open comment period is where we're at right now on that regulation, so the open comment period is open for another week or couple of weeks I guess, somewhere in there, and once the open comment period has ended, the board will meet to listen to comments publically and then vote on whether to revert back to the federal label or keep the current Arkansas state regulations for dicamba. So we're kind of in a limbo right now is where we're at as far as this goes. While we're in this limbo phase, the current rules still apply. So I want to emphasize that, so as of right now even though this vote is going on and there's potential change back to the federal label, currently the way it stands is we still have to operate under the rules that were previously passed. So what that means is we still have a May 25th cutoff, we still have no tank mixing glyphosate, we still have the buffer zone requirements, all those kinds of things are still in play until the vote from the plant board would come down and go back to the federal label and then it has to revert back to the legislative group within the Arkansas government that they put their stamp of approval on it as well. So this could be a little bit of a delayed reaction until we get that final ruling if they are to switch to a federal label. Basically I say all that just to stress that as of right now we have to continue operating under the current rules. So just make sure you understand that.

Jeremy: Because as of right now we've only got about six weeks to use the dicamba over the top.

Tommy: That's exactly right, it's honestly almost five weeks really, and it's the 13th already. It's crazy. So just be aware of that at this point, that's the case. Also, let's say the May 25th cutoff passes and they have not gotten these rules officially through the whole channel yet, that cutoff will apply and then let's say June 14th, June 15th, somewhere in the middle of June, that it all of a sudden completely gets passed, the federal government label is now the rule, it's through or legislative government, then it would re-open and we'd have about two weeks for soybeans to be able to apply dicamba over the top. So right now like I mentioned, we have to continue operating as if we are under the current rule. If they were to vote and change to the federal label, at that point, whenever that vote is officially conducted and it goes through the legislative group and everything else, then it would finally open back up. So it might be delayed and it might not happen at all this year. It may hit the federal label June 30th cutoff before that would even occur. So basically, just be aware of that and be prepared that even this year that there may not be a chance that dicamba can be applied over the top even according to federal label.

Jeremy: But for the state specific regulations on dicamba, they're exactly the same as 2020.

Tommy: Correct, as of right now it's exactly the same.

Jeremy: There were some minor changes in the federal label with buffers & things.

Tommy: The only difference between 2020 and 2021is actually from the federal label is that you have to add in the volatility reducing agent, the VRA. So Sentris or Vaporgrip Xtra. But otherwise all the same rules still apply.

Jeremy: I've had a few people ask about that, and wanted to know currently what the regulations were and I keep on telling them that it's whatever was decided on last year. 

Tommy: That's right, so based on that, we're going to kind of move forward as if our regulations are staying the same as far as our recommendations in this podcast and so what I would tell you is we want to apply dicamba, early again so hopefully we get one application in before temperatures get too high so we can use that technology in those soybeans, that sort of thing, we want to be able to apply early. The plus side to applying it early as well is we can take advantage of the residual activity that dicmba provides. Now it doesn't have an excellent residual activity by any means, but it's really great at mitigating some moisture risks. By that I mean if we apply dicamba early in our pre-emergence mix with our other residual herbicides that we're already planning on applying, if we don't get rainfall right away to activate our other pre-emergence herbicides, dicamba acts, kicks in and basically gives us residual activity initially when there is no moisture there. Then once moisture happens, if we get that half inch of rainfall, it deactivates dicamba, but at the same time it's activating the other pre-emergence herbicides that we had with it and it just basically passes the torch on to those other pre-emergence herbicides. So it's a great option to basically be a risk mitagater where we're concerned about moisture activating those pre-emergence herbicides. So I will say if we can apply early, take advantage of that. It's a great, great herbicide in that niche area right there. Now when we talk about Xtend, specifically soybeans, that can be really tough at the moment for POST options, because once the cutoff passes, if it remains at that May 25th date, the really only POST option in Xtend beans is PPO inhibitors, like Flexstar, Prefix, that kind of thing and in a lot of our areas where we have PPO inhibitor resistance, that's just not going to help us out very well, so it gets very challenging, You really need to rely on overlapping your residuals and being very timely with those applications to make sure no pigweeds ever get out of the ground, because otherwise you don't have any POST options. In XtendFlex, now we do have a few more options in that area if the cutoff passes because we can apply glufosinate over the top of XtendFlex soybeans. So having that Liberty is a great option POST and then we've also shown in some of our research, a graduate student under Dr. Norsworthy, has shown that his best weed control in the XtendFlex system came from where we were able to apply dicamba and in fourteen days later, apply a sequential application of Liberty or glufosinate. So not doing sequential applications of dicamba or sequential applications of Liberty, but actually being able to use the two sequentially provided the best weed control with a fourteen day interval. On that fourteen day interval it was pretty critical. If it was any sooner there was a loss in weed control and if it was any later there was a loss in weed control. So that fourteen to twenty one day window is really where we can optimize our weed control in XtendFlex. 

Jeremy: So some of this Liberty, Roundup tank mixes were done in some of the cotton back several years ago and I've heard I guess some conflicting research. So is it better to do the sequential applications and not look at a tank mix application? 

Tommy: Yes, so for two reasons. One, the Liberty and dicamba is actually an illegal tank mix. It can't be applied together. So one, we can't mix those together in the tank mix to be on label and right now according to our Arkansas rules, we can't mix Roundup with dicamba either. That's an illegal tank mix as well. So that's one aspect of it. The second aspect is yes. There's just been a reduction of weed control when the tank mix occurs. Again Dr. Norsworthy's student that looked at this had a tank mix in there just for research purposes and it was a drastic reduction in weed control compared to the sequentials. We're talking twenty, thirty percent. So the sequential applications from both stand points, one, it allows us to be on label, but two, it also gives us better weed control is really where we want to be at. So that was a great question. 

The last thing I wanted to mention on the Xtend, XtendFlex route is currently the way the rules stand in the state of Arkansas, is we can't tank mix glyphosate with dicamba for our applications. If the rules change in the state and federal label applies, technically speaking, then it would be a legal tank mix to mix Roundup in the tank with dicamba. However from our university stand point, we still will not, will not recommend that tank mix for a couple of different reasons. One, it's been shown to increase the volatility potential of those applications and increase the risk to potential off target movement. But another large concern for me is that there has been shown a drastic reduction in Roundup's efficacy when tank mixed with dicamba. Dr. Larry Steckel has hit on this for the past couple of years illustrating the losses in weed control with that tank mixture. And it comes from a couple of different stand points. One, dicamba and Roundup antagonize each other and so that dicamba and antagonizes that Roundup causing it to have less control on grasses out there. And secondly because we're applying the dicamba, we have to use a very large droplet size producing nozzle, like a TTI and that droplet size is just way too massive for Roundup to stick to grasses. So it ends up with a reduction just based on application procedure. So like I mentioned Dr.  Larry Steckel's research has shown up to thirty percent reduction in weed control based on those two factors. He's attributed that to an increase in glyphosate resistant grasses in the state of Tennessee. So just be aware of that from that stand point. That is going to be our quickest way to evolve metabolic resistance, glyphosate resistance in our grasses here in Arkansas, is by using that tank mix and basically losing our weed control and giving grasses light doses of glyphosate. That's really what's going to happen. 

Jeremy: You think Dr. Steckel's going to talk about this in the next podcast?

Tommy: Yeah, so actually Jeremy's hinting at our super secret meeting that we're going to have next week. Dr. Larry Steckel's going to actually join Tom Barber for next week's podcast and I have a sneaking suspicion that he will mention some of this on the cotton side as well as some of these tank mix problematic issues that they've seen over there in Tennessee. So like I mentioned this has been a thing that he has been investigating the last couple of years in Tennessee. We've seen it here as well, just in some random small plot research we've done so it really will not be a recommended mix even if it is approved according to federal label. 

Jeremy: I always look out for Tennessee because it always seems like some of the problems come from western Tennessee into eastern Arkansas if we look at the marestail problem and actually the glyphosate pigweed issue. It jumped the river, 

Tommy: Some of the Johnson grass issues as well

Jeremy: So I'm always looking to what is happening in western Tennessee because eventually it's going to jump the river and it's going to be in the eastern side of the state. 

Tommy: So that's really the Xtend, XtendFlex recommendations that we wanted to hit for this upcoming year. Jumping from that into Enlist E3 soybean recommendations. So Enlist recommendations, or Enlist soybeans is tolerant or resistant to glufosinate, glyphosate and 2,4-D choline. I'm going to hand over to Jeremy quick to kind of hit on a few variety aspects here of Enlist.

Jeremy: Sure, so the last two years we've actually had a few more Enlist varieties. They were a little bit slow getting entered to the OVT for testing but this year, this past year we had about thirty-five individual varieties that were tested and I'm assuming that we'll probably see a few more in 2021. I haven't seen that final list yet, but I'm hearing, from especially the Midwest there's going to be a push to look at Enlist varieties and increase that acreage, so it wouldn't surprise me if we see an increase in that number of varieties in the OVT. But if you are interested in that, until I guess the XtendFlex varieties came online, I was really liking this system because you had the two glyphosate and glufosinate options. But now that we've got Enlist or XtendFlex, you know we've kind of got that option. So I'm really encouraged that these multiple stack varieties we're seeing more and more, and it's just going to get more confusing down the line as we start seeing more and more, hopefully new technologies in the future, but also we're seeing more and more of these stack varieties. So, again information on the website and on the blog if you're looking for information on these varieties.

Tommy: Jeremy, could you just quick hit on basically the yield potential that you've seen in the OVT program in the last couple of years with Enlist vs. Xtend. I know you haven't been able to test XtendFlex, but at least between Xtend and Enlist, maybe other Liberty Link varieties, just hit on that real quick. 

Jeremy: Yeah, so this really started back when Liberty were first introduced several years ago. There's always been that talk that there's been some yield drag, especially with some of these new varieties or new technologies coming out. We've seen it with some of the older technology. There was definitely a yield drag. And so every year I kind of look at all the varieties within a particular herbicide group and compare them. I worked with some of the statisticians in Fayetteville looking at this, so we do have some statistics backing this up. So if you look at any year to year, if you look at the varieties within the herbicide technologies as a whole, we're really not seeing any particular herbicide technology out yielding or out performing, as a whole, if you're looking at technologies. Now that's not to say, I can look at individual varieties and I can name off Enlist varieties that look really good and Xtend varieties that look really good, conventional varieties, we've got some conventional varieties that perform very well, and so I've been kind of hearing producers say well I just can't produce certain herbicide technologies on my farm. I don't know if it's an individual variety, just a variety selection issue or a particular problem with individual varieties in certain disease packages and things like that. As a whole we're just not seeing any differences in the technologies when we're looking at yield. But again going back we do see individual varieties. And that's to be expected. We're looking a different backgrounds in some of these new technologies, coming out of different programs and so, but overall just about every company has at least one or two varieties within each of the technologies that they have all the technologies that perform very well. So we've got some really good varieties out there to choose from and pretty much all the different technologies that we currently have. 

Tommy: Awesome, thank you Jeremy. As far as our weed control recommendations and Enlist go, I should have mentioned with Xtend and XtendFlex, but with the residual programs across these technologies should not really change too much. Like I mentioned, whatever technology you choose your residual program can follow with. The biggest thing is finding that metribuzin tolerant variety within our herbicide trait technologies, but other than that you can use just about any of those different pre-emergence residual products across the board. So just be aware of that. With Enlist, what we recommend from the POST side of things is really we expect to have for sure two postemergence applications after our initial pre-emergence residual application. In that first POST, what I really like to recommend is doing a tank mix of Enlist One plus Roundup plus a Group 15 residual, so whether that's Dual, Zidua, Outlook, any of those, or Warrant. Mixing those three together are the best possible first POST I think you can have. The Roundup helps take care of grasses, the Enlist helps to either kill pigweed or at least really knock it back for a while and then you've got the Group 15 residual to help both with grasses and pigweeds from a residual pre-emergence stand point to overlap those residuals. So that's what I like to recommend from the first POST stand point. The second POST that I typically want to come back 14 to 21 days after that application and I like to recommend the tank mix here of Enlist One plus Liberty. So then there with that application you're hopefully taking care of any more emerged pigweed that have come up or if any pigweeds happen to survive the Enlist One application in the first POST, now you're finishing them off with that second POST. So that should be getting you to canopy closure at that point and you shouldn't have to worry about any more flushes. So that's really the best option we've seen in multiple research areas is where we can do that sequential POST applications and those tank mixes have really proven to be the best weed control on the Enlist system. Also we like to recommend in that second POST that tank mix of Enlist and Liberty because that tank mix has shown to mitigate risks of other factors, so in one of the research projects I did last year I did a nozzle evaluation with the Enlist system and not that I would ever recommend the TTI nozzle for the Enlist system, it's just really too large a droplet size for those herbicides, but the tank mix proved to give us better weed control even in sub-optimal conditions, so when we chose the wrong nozzle, compared to the Enlist & Liberty by itself. So like I mentioned that tank mix just helps mitigate some risks if we have other things go wrong, we can really achieve great weed control in that last POST application with that mix. Overall those are, like I said, the best recommendations to take care of grasses, take care of pigweed and hopefully catch some of those other random weed species out there that we might see as well in that Enlist system. So moving forward, that's what our recommendation is there. 

Outside of Enlist I did just want to hit on a few other problematic weeds I've gotten some calls on in our soybean production systems the past couple of years. Cocklebur seems to be making an actual, a little bit of a comeback. From a pre-emergence stand point, our ALS inhibitors still tend to do a good job across the majority of the state, so things like Sceptor or Canopy, Python, those kinds of things. Valor pre-emergence is also pretty good for cocklebur. POST if we can use glyphosate or glufosinate, especially sequential applications of those two, they really do a great job at cleaning cocklebur up as well. Sicklepod has been popping up in more places again as well. Similar to cocklebur, ALS inhibitors do a very good job there. PPO inhibitors like Valor or Verdict do a pretty good job on sicklepod as well. And if we're going the POST route, we really almost need sequential applications of glyphosate or glufosinate to control sicklepod. Just a single application of Roundup or a single application of Liberty probably won't take that sicklepod out. You'll have to have sequential applications of it. 

Prickly sida or teaweed is another problematic weed that's been popping up especially in the Xtend system because dicamba just isn't really good on prickly sida, so it's been popping up in some of those acres more and more. ALS inhibitors again tend to be really good on it. First Rate, Canopy, Classic, those kind of things really tend to do well from a residual stand point and from a POST stand point. Python as well. POST, Basagran actually does a pretty good job on teaweed and then sequential applications of glyphosate or glufosinate again. And if you happen to be in the Enlist system, 2,4-D or the Enlist One is actually pretty good on prickly sida too. That's why we don't see it as much in those acres. It's really dedicated more to our Xtend acres where it's a big problem. And then finally yellow nutsedge continues to grow and grow in our soybean acres too & is extremely challenging because we just really don't have any good options in soybean to try and manage yellow nutsedge successfully. The best thing I can tell you for that is hopefully find a variety that's STS or BOLT so that it has that ALS tolerance in it. And then Dual Magnum is a good pre-emergence option to try and reduce some of the yellow nutsedge that actually emerges. But then if you have the STS or BOLT soybean, anything that does emerge you can hit it with glyphosate or Roundup plus Permit plus. And that will hopefully help take out some of that yellow nutsedge and that really is your best option for managing that if you have a heavy infestation anywhere. 

Jeremy, as far as the STS/BOLT soybean goes, do you have anything to add on that or the availability of those kinds of varieties, anything on those?

Jeremy: Yeah I do. So that information comes from the individual companies and so we put that in the soybean update every year and so we have varieties listed either as having STS or BOLT, but some of the companies have been a little bit slow on introducing that particular trait in some of the beans. IÔve really been pushing the breeders to make sure, especially in the Mid-South. Especially around rice production, that gives us a little bit of protection on some of the rice herbicides, but also if we get into some of these situations like Tommy said with the nutsedges, if you don't have STS or BOLT beans out there, the nutsedge can get pretty hairy during the season, so I've really been pushing some of the companies to try to get some of these varieties that have more of these tolerances into packages, but we've got a pretty good selection of some of the really good varieties with that particular technology. 

Tommy: Awesome. Well with that if you ever have other weeds that pop up that you're struggling with or you need more information on anything, please check out our MP44 Recommended Chemicals for Weed and Brush Control or feel free to give Jeremy or I a call at any point and ask us some questions. We're always available. I also did want to hint at our SPORTS campaign again. Remember to use that mnemonic device to help you with your weed control recommendations moving forward, so SPORTS, Start clean, use Pre-emergence herbicides, Overlap those residuals, R, Required integrated weed management tactics, so start intergrating things like narrow row widths if you can, harvest weed seed destruction, any of those kinds of things. Timely. T is timely, so make sure we're getting both those residual applications and our POST applications in a timely fashion & then finally the last S is Selections, so select appropriate herbicides and multiple effective herbicides to really tackle our weed problems that we have out in that field. So remember SPORTS, remember those six things and that will really help you out a lot and in your weed control strategies moving forward.

So I'd just like to thank you for joining us this week for this Weeds AR Wild podcast. Jeremy, you got any concluding statements you want to . . .

Jeremy: Nope, appreciate the opportunity to participate in this podcast.

Tommy: Awesome. Please join us next week. Dr. Tom Barber will be discussing cotton weed control programs and like we mentioned before, he's going to have a special guest, Dr. Larry Steckel from the University of Tennessee on as well. And with that, thanks for joining us for this episode of the Weeds AR Wild podcast series on Arkansas Row Crops Radio.



End notes: Arkansas Row Crops Radio is a production of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. For more information please contact your local county extension agent or visit uaex.edu.